D.D. :
* MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
* ANGINA PECTORIS
* PERICARDITIS
* DISSECTING AORTIC ANEURYSM
* MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM
* AC. PANCREATITIS
* AC CHOLECYSTITIS
* PRECORDIAL CATCH
* AC ANXIETY
* TRACHEITIS
* MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA
* PERICARDIAL FAT NECROSIS
* ESOPAHGITIS
* DA COSTA SYNDROME
* PEPTIC ULCER
* TIETZE SYNDROME
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CAUSES :
1. VIRAL :
- ENTEROVIRUS, COXSACKIE B, ADENOVIRUS, INFLUENZA, CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, POLIOMYELITIS, EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS, HIV-1, VIRAL HEPATITIS, MUMPS, RUBELLA, VARICELLA, VARIOLA/VACCINIA, ARBOVIRUS, RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HERPES SIMPLEX, YELLOW FEVER VIRUS, RABIES
2. RICKETTSIAL :
- SCRUB TYPHUS, ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER, Q FEVER
3. BACTERIAL :
- DIPHTHERIA, TUBERCULOSIS, STREPTOCOCCI, MENINGOCOCCI, BRUCELLOSIS, CLOSTRIDIA, STAPHYLOCOCCI, MELIOIDOSIS, MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE, PSITTACOSIS
4. SPIROCHETAL :
- SYPHILIS, LEPTOSPIROSIS/WEIL DISEASE, RELAPSING FEVER/BORRELIA, LYME DISEASE
5. FUNGAL :
- CANDIDIASIS, ASPERGILLOSIS, CRYPTOCOCCOSIS, HISTOPLASMOSIS, ACTINOMYCOSIS, BLASTOMYCOSIS, COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS, MUCORMYCOSIS
6. PROTOZOAL :
- CHAGAS DISEASE, TOXOPLASMOSIS, TRYPANOSOMIASIS, MALARIA, LEISHMANIASIS, BALANTIDIASIS, SACROSPORIDIOSIS
7. HELMINTHIC :
- TRICHINOSIS, ECHINOCOCCOSIS, SCHISTOSOMIASIS, HETEROPHYIASIS, CYSTICERCOSIS, VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS, FILARIASIS
8. BITES/STINGS :
- SCORPION, SNAKE, BLACK WIDOW SPIDER, WASP, TICK
9. DRUGS :
- CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS - DOXORUBICIN, ANTHRACYCLINES, STREPTOMYCIN, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, INTERLEUKIN-2, ANTI-HER-2 RECEPTOR ANTIBODY/HERCEPTIN
- ANTIBIOTICS - PENICILLIN, CHLORAMPHENICOL, SULPHONAMIDES
- ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS - METHYLDOPA, SPIRONOLACTONE
- ANTIEPILEPTICS - PHENYTOIN, CARAMAZEPINE
- AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, CATECHOLAMINES
11. CHEMICALS : HYDROCARBONS, CARBON MONOXIDE, ARSENIC, LEAD, PHOSPHORUS, MERCURY, COBALT
12. PHYSICAL AGENTS : RADIATION, HEAT STROKE, HYPOTHERMIA
13. AC RHEUMATIC FEVER
14. SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES :
- GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS, SARCOIDOSIS, KAWASAKI DISEASE, CROHN DISEASE, SLE, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS, THYROTOXICOSIS, SCLERODERMA, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
15. PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY
16. POSTTRANSPLANT CELLULAR REJECTION
OTHER TESTS :
* ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - AREA OF HYPOKINESIA IN HEART WITH CARDIOMEGALY & DEFECTIVE VALVES.
* ESR & C-REACTIVE PROTEIN - RAISED
* CPK-MB & TROPONIN - RAISED
* MYOCARDIAL BIOPSY - OF RT VENTRICLE IS MOST HELPFUL SPECIAL TEST. ATLEAST FOUR SAMPLES SHOULD BE TAKEN.
* ANTIMYOSIN SCINTIGRAPHY - SENSITIVITY 91-100%, BUT LOW SPECIFICITY( 31- 44%)
* GALLIUM SCANNING
* ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - NONSPECIFIC & SHOW EITHER REGIONAL OR GLOBAL VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION