When an infant or toddler displays unusual behaviors for a day or two after behaving normally, it's usually a sign of minor illness, fatigue, or stress. However, if these characteristics persist or have always been present, a visit to the pediatrician or healthcare provider is essential. Autism is typically diagnosed between the ages of 4-6, but concerns often arise much earlier, around 18 months to 2 years.
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and experts recommend evaluating any child for autism who hasn't reached certain developmental milestones:
If any of these statements apply to a child, it's crucial not to "wait and see." Such issues may indicate a disability, even if it's not autism. Early diagnosis and intervention are vital for improving the long-term outcomes for developmental disorders, including autism.
Behavioral therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for children with autism. Over 30 years of research demonstrate the benefits of applied behavioral methods in improving communication, learning, adaptive behavior, and appropriate social skills while reducing inappropriate behavior. Early intervention, usually in preschool, is the most effective. Various scientifically proven behavioral treatments based on applied behavior analysis principles have been developed for children with autism.
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) aims to correct behavior and teach skills for coping with specific situations. It employs reinforcement, rewarding desired behavior, and removing reinforcement for unwanted behavior. Most programs include several ABA therapies.
These comprehensive programs, which may require 15-40+ hours per week, involve one-on-one sessions to modify behaviors. Behavioral therapists collaborate with parents, educators, and professionals to individualize treatment plans based on a child's needs.
Positive behavioral interventions and support aim to replace problematic behaviors with positive ones to enhance a person's overall quality of life. This approach is tailored to the individual's unique strengths and challenges.
The primary principle of education for individuals with autism is to recognize their unique strengths, abilities, and functional levels, tailoring education to their specific needs. Federal law, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), mandates free and appropriate public education for every child with a disability. This includes the preparation of an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) by the local education authority in consultation with the child's parents, specifying goals and documenting progress.
Various educational options are available for children with autism, with the goal of integrating them with nondisabled peers whenever possible to model language, social, and behavioral skills. Parents are encouraged to collaborate closely with the local education authority to find the best program for their child.
Specific programs have been developed for those with autism:
Skills learned at school should be generalized outside the classroom setting. Family involvement is essential for a coordinated approach across the home and community.
Complementary therapies, including art therapy, music therapy, animal therapy, and sensory integration therapy, provide additional opportunities for social and communication skill development. Although scientific evidence is limited, many parents and therapists report improvements in behavior and communication skills as well as enjoyment.
Working closely with the professional team is the most beneficial action parents can take to support their child. Stay informed about your child's treatment and goals, provide all required information, and maintain open communication to address any questions or concerns about the treatment plan.