Monograph: |
Human biphasic insulin
Biphasic insulins are mixtures providing for both
immediate and prolonged action.
In order to prolong the duration of action of insulin,
preparations may be formulated as suspensions in 2
general ways. The first involves complexing insulin
with a protein from which it is slowly released; ex-
amples are protamine zinc insulin, which contains
an excess of protamine, and isophane insulin,
which contains equimolecular amounts of insulin
and protamine. The second method of prolonging
the action of insulin is to modify the particle size and
the various insulin zinc suspensions are in this cat-
egory.
Much of the insulin now produced has an amino-
acid sequence identical to that of human insulin.
Human insulin (emp) is produced by the enzymatic
modification of insulin obtained from the porcine
pancreas; it is also sometimes called semisynthetic
human insulin. The term human insulin (crb) is
used for insulin produced by the chemical combina-
tion of A and B chains which have been obtained
from bacteria genetically modified by recombinant
DNA technology. Human insulin (prb) is produced
from proinsulin obtained from bacteria genetically
modified by recombinant DNA technology. Human
insulin (pyr) is insulin produced from a precursor
obtained from a yeast genetically modified by re-
combinant DNA technology. Human insulin ob-
tained by recombinant DNA technology is
sometimes termed biosynthetic human insulin.
Insulin or human insulin is supplied in a variety of
forms in solution or suspension for injection .
the onset of action starts within 2 hrs, peak effects lasts for about 4 to 12 hrs
and lasts for about 24 hrs.
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